In phonetics and phonology, the relationship between phonemes and graphemes can vary significantly. Which of the following words demonstrates the concept of a "silent grapheme" where one or more letters are written but not pronounced?
Which of the following techniques is most effective for improving fluency in oral language production by focusing specifically on rhythm and intonation patterns?
Brazilian learners often base their pronunciation on spelling. This tendency is understandable, given that Portuguese pronunciation closely aligns with its orthography, making it easier to transfer these habits to the acquisition of a second language. Nonetheless, it is crucial to recognize pronunciation as a vital component of effective communication, demanding clarity and comprehensibility. In order to foment that habit, educators may use the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA), which provides symbols that accurately represent the standard sounds produced during speech. Integrating the IPA to various pedagogical approaches can significantly enhance students’ pronunciation skills. According to IPA transcriptions quoted by Swan (2005, p.xxx), the words house, occasion, cheap, with, think are pronounced as follows:
The vowel sound in “taught” (2nd paragraph) is the same as in:
Read the text below.
Not all stressed syllables are of equal importance. Some stressed syllables have greater prominence than others, and form the nucleus, or focal point, of an intonation pattern. We may describe a nucleus as a strongly stressed syllable which marks a major change of pitch direction, i.e. where the pitch goes up or down.
LEECH, G.; SVARTVIK, J., 2012, p. 36.
So, it is very important