Prova do ENEM - Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio - INEP (2018) - Questões Comentadas

Lava Mae: Creating Showers on Wheels for the Homeless

San Francisco, according to recent city numbers, has 4,300 people living on the streets. Among the many problems the homeless face is little or no access to showers. San Francisco only has about 16 to 20 shower stalls to accommodate them.

But Doniece Sandoval has made it her mission to change that. The 51-year-old former marketing executive started Lava Mae, a sort of showers on wheels, a new project that aims to turn decommissioned city buses into shower stations for the homeless. Each bus will have two shower stations and Sandoval expects that they'll be able to provide 2,000 showers a week.

ANDREANO, C. Disponível em: http://abcnews.go.com. Acesso em: 26jun. 2015 (adaptado).

A relação dos vocábulos shower, bus e homeless, no texto, refere-se a

Which skin colour are you? The human swatch chart

that confronts racism

In 1933, in a book called The Masters and the Slaves, the Brazilian anthropologist Gilberto Freyre wrote: “Every Brazilian, even the light-skinned, fair-haired one, carries about him on his soul, when not on soul and body alike, the shadow, or at least the birthmark, of the aborigine or the negro.” This was forefront in the mind of the French artist Pierre David when he moved to Brazil in 2009. “When I was in the streets, I could see so many skin colours”, he says. He decided to make a human colour chart, like one you would find in the paint section of B&Q shop, but showing the gradations and shades of our skin colour. The project, called Nuancier or “swatches”, was first shown at the Museu de Arte Moderna in Salvador – Bahia, and is now on show in his native France. “Brazil has a better attitude to skin colour than other developed nations”, he says. “There's no doubt, because the concept of skin colour difference was recognised very early in their history. Now, it even appears on identity documents.”

Yet Nuancier, David says, is still a critique of racism, in Brazil and around the world. “This work may seem provocative – to classify men by colour, to industrially produce the colour of an individual so it can be store-bought. But this is a demonstration of the commodification of bodies. It denounces racism anywhere it is found in the world.”

SEYMOUR, T. Disponível em: www.theguardian.com. Acesso em: 21 out. 2015 (adaptado).

O artista francês Pierre David, ao evidenciar seu encantamento com a diversidade de cores de peles no Brasil, no projeto Nuancier, também

La tolerancia es la capacidad de conceder la misma importancia a la forma de ser, de pensar y de vivir de los demás que a nuestra propia manera de ser, de pensar y de vivir.

Si entendemos que nuestras creencias y costumbres no son ni mejores ni peores que las de otras personas, sino simplemente distintas, estaremos respetando a los demás.

Compartir las diferencias nos enriquece, nos hace más grandes. Algunas veces, a lo largo del tiempo se pueden observar una serie de ejemplos de individuos, cuyas formas de actuar se originan precisamente de la falta de respeto hacia los demás. El dejar pasar actitudes desconsideradas e injustas es una forma indirecta de no respetar a quien las sufre y de no importarnos en lo absoluto. Por eso, ser tolerante es también definirse, dar un paso al frente, hacer una opción por la justicia y la paz.

DE LAI, J. Disponível em: www.elobservatodo.cl. Acesso em: 9 ago. 2013 (adaptado).

O texto discute o sentido de tolerância. Nele, esse sentido assume um papel social, uma vez que a tolerância

El día en que lo iban a matar, Santiago Nasar se levantó a las 5:30 de la manana para esperar el buque en que llegaba el obispo. Había sonado que atravesaba un bosque de higuerones donde caía una llovizna tierna, y por un instante fue feliz en el sueno, pero al despertar se sintió por completo salpicado de cagada de pájaros. “Siempre sonaba con árboles”, me dijo Plácida Linero, su madre, evocando 27 anos después los pormenores de aquel lunes ingrato. “La semana anterior había sonado que iba solo en un avión de papel de estano que volaba sin tropezar por entre los almendros”, me dijo. Tenía una reputación muy bien ganada de intérprete certera de los suenos ajenos, siempre que se los contaran en ayunas, pero no había advertido ningún augurio aciago en esos dos suenos de su hijo, ni en los otros suenos con árboles que él le había contado en las mananas que precedieron a su muerte.

Na introdução do romance, o narrador resgata lembranças de Plácida Linero relacionadas a seu filho Santiago Nasar. Nessa introdução, o uso da expressão augurio aciago remete ao(à)

Monks embrace web to reach recruits

Stew Milne for The New York Times

The Benedictine monks at the Portsmouth Abbey in Portsmouth have a problem. They are aging and their numbers have fallen to 12, from a peak of about 24 in 1969. So the monks have taken to the Internet with an elaborate ad campaign featuring videos, a blog and even a Gregorian chant ringtone. “If this is the way the younger generation are looking things up and are communicating, then this is the place to be”, said Abbot Caedmon Holmes, who has been in charge of the abbey since 2007. That place is far from the solitary lives that some may think monks live. In fact, in this age of social media, the monks have embraced what may be the most popular form of public self-expression: a Facebook page, where they have uploaded photos and video testimonials. Some monks will even write blogs.

MILNE, S. Disponível em: www.nytimes.com. Acesso em: 19 jun. 2012 (adaptado).

A internet costuma ser um veículo de comunicação associado às camadas mais jovens da população, embora não exclusivamente a elas. Segundo o texto, a razão que levou os religiosos a fazerem uma campanha publicitária na internet foi o(a)