Resolver o Simulado Agência Nacional de Aviação Civil (ANAC) - ESAF - Nível Médio

Leia com atenção o texto abaixo.

Hoje em dia vemos muitas matérias em jornais, títulos de livros, artigos em periódicos e magazines que usam a palavra crise: “crise financeira”, “crise política”, “crise moral”, “crise existencial”, “crise da representação”, “crise do livro”, “crise da educação” etc. Quando começamos a ler estes textos, frequentemente nos damos conta de que são narrativas em que se projetam imagens de uma estabilidade antes inexistente, seguida por uma decadência ou fi m de alguma coisa. Em outras palavras, presume-se que algo estável (o mundo das finanças, a política, a moral, a existência humana, o livro...) perde esta condição ou tem esta condição colocada em xeque. A crise é apresentada, então, como um problema, sem que se argumente que há também um problema nessas narrativas. Qual?

Muitas vezes a presumida “estabilidade” que existiria antes e que supostamente é ameaçada na crise é apenas uma idealização que nunca correspondeu a uma realidade efetiva. Claro, a partir dessa idealização, pode-se criticar o que se presume ser uma ameaça, decadência ou fi m; mas a crítica é feita em relação ao que foi idealizado anteriormente.

Leia o texto que se segue.

      Na área ficcional, opondo-se 1__ inconsciência,ou seja, reagindo 2__ má consciência, haveremosde governar, dentro do possível, a obra em gerale, em particular, as personagens. Negaremos 3 __personagens, honestamente, qualquer parcela devontade. Cada uma será assim porque nos pareceu,quase sempre ao cabo de cálculos e ensaios, acréscimose cortes, que assim devia ser; e está no relato porquefoi necessário, porque julgamos oportuno dar-lhe umafunção ainda que fosse 4__ de parecer disponível.Nem uma palavra lhes será disponível sem licença ouaprovação. Ainda que alguns dos seus remotos modelospossam existir fora de nós, só existem 5__ partir domomento em que nossas palavras o efetivam.

                                                       (Adaptado de Osman Lins, Guerra sem testemunhas, 1974, p.16)

Nem muros, nem cercas, nem mares. Muito menos passaportes: quando uma pessoa decide abandonar seu próprio país para tentar uma vida melhor em outro lugar, nenhuma dessas barreiras é suficiente para dissuadi-la. As fronteiras europeias nunca estiveram tão fechadas e, ao mesmo tempo, nunca tantos imigrantes ilegais entraram no continente. Um estudo da Frontex, agência europeia de vigilância das fronteiras, aponta que, entre julho e setembro de 2014, cerca de 110 mil pessoas chegaram à Europa clandestinamente por terra e sobretudo por mar. Este número é quase três vezes maior do que o pico da Primavera Árabe, em 2011.

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Até então, a maior catástrofe do tipo havia sido o naufrágio próximo à ilha de Lampedusa, que fez 366 vítimas fatais em 2013. Na época houve uma grande mobilização para o caso, chamando a atenção para a realidade dos imigrantes clandestinos. Logo após o ocorrido, a marinha italiana lançou uma operação humanitária e militar batizada Mare Nostrum, que tinha como objetivo socorrer pessoas à deriva.

Customs enforcement is concerned with the protection of society and fghting trans-national organized crime based on the principles of risk management. In discharging this mandate, Customs compliance and enforcement services are involved in a wide range of activities relating to information and intelligence exchange, combating commercial fraud, counterfeiting, the smuggling of highly taxed goods (especially cigarettes and alcohol), drug traffcking, stolen motor vehicles, money laundering, electronic crime, smuggling of arms, nuclear materials, toxic waste and weapons of mass destruction. Enforcement activities also aim to protect intellectual and cultural property and endangered plants and animal species.
In order to assist its Members improve the effectiveness of their enforcement efforts and achieve a balance between control and facilitation, the World Customs Organisation has developed a comprehensive technical assistance and training programmes. In addition, it has established Regional Intelligence Liaison Offces (RILOs) that are supported by a global database, the Customs Enforcement Network (CEN), to facilitate the exchange and use of information.

The WCO has also developed instruments for international co-operation in the form of the revised Model Bilateral Agreement (MBA); the Nairobi Convention, which provides for mutual administrative assistance in the prevention, investigation and repression of Customs offences; and the Johannesburg Convention, which provides for mutual administrative assistance in Customs matters. The WCO’s Customs Control and Enforcement programme therefore aims to promote effective enforcement practices and encourage co-operation among its Members and with its various competent partners and stakeholders.


(Source: http://www.wcoomd.org/en/topics/enforcement-and-compliance/ overview.aspx, retrieved on 12 March 2014.)

Questions 34 through 38 refer to the following text.

tax deductions proposed by clients. Most of these doggy

deductions don't hunt, but, believe it or not, some do. Could

there be a spot for Sammy and Inky on our 1040?

Scott Kadrlik, a certified public accountant in Eden Prairie,

Minn., who moonlights as a stand-up comedian (really!),

gave me a dog's-eye view of the tax code: "In most cases

our family pets are just family pets," he says. They cannot

be claimed as dependents, and you cannot deduct the

cost of their food, medical care or other expenses. One

exception is service dogs. If you require a Seeing Eye

dog, for example, your canine's costs are deductible as

a medical expense. Occasionally, man's best friend also

is man's best business deduction. The Doberman that

guards the junk yard can be deductible as a business

expense of the junk-yard owner, says Mr. Kadrlik. Ditto the

convenience-store cat that keeps the rats at bay.

For most of us, though, our pets are hobbies at most.

Something's a hobby if, among other things, it hasn't turned

a profit in at least three of the past five years (or two of the

past seven years in the case of horse training, breeding

or racing). In that case, you can't deduct losses—only

expenses to the extent of income in the same year. So if

your beloved Bichon earns $100 for a modeling gig,

you could deduct $100 worth of vet bills (or dog food or doggy

attire).

Questions 34 through 38 refer to the following text.

tax deductions proposed by clients. Most of these doggy

deductions don't hunt, but, believe it or not, some do. Could

there be a spot for Sammy and Inky on our 1040?

Scott Kadrlik, a certified public accountant in Eden Prairie,

Minn., who moonlights as a stand-up comedian (really!),

gave me a dog's-eye view of the tax code: "In most cases

our family pets are just family pets," he says. They cannot

be claimed as dependents, and you cannot deduct the

cost of their food, medical care or other expenses. One

exception is service dogs. If you require a Seeing Eye

dog, for example, your canine's costs are deductible as

a medical expense. Occasionally, man's best friend also

is man's best business deduction. The Doberman that

guards the junk yard can be deductible as a business

expense of the junk-yard owner, says Mr. Kadrlik. Ditto the

convenience-store cat that keeps the rats at bay.

For most of us, though, our pets are hobbies at most.

Something's a hobby if, among other things, it hasn't turned

a profit in at least three of the past five years (or two of the

past seven years in the case of horse training, breeding

or racing). In that case, you can't deduct losses—only

expenses to the extent of income in the same year. So if

your beloved Bichon earns $100 for a modeling gig,

you could deduct $100 worth of vet bills (or dog food or doggy

attire).

A cooling consensus

Global warming has slowed. The rate of warming
over the past 15 years has been lower than that of
the preceding 20 years. There is no serious doubt
that our planet continues to heat, but it has heated
less than most climate scientists had predicted. Nate
Cohn of the New Republic reports: "Since 1998, the
warmest year of the twentieth century, temperatures
have not kept up with computer models that seemed
to project steady warming; they’re perilously close to
falling beneath even the lowest projections".
Mr Cohn does his best to af? rm that the urgent
necessity of acting to retard warming has not abated,
as does Brad Plumer of the Washington Post, as
does this newspaper. But there's no way around
the fact that this reprieve for the planet is bad news
for proponents of policies, such as carbon taxes
and emissions treaties, meant to slow warming by
moderating the release of greenhouse gases. The
reality is that the already meagre prospects of these
policies, in America at least, will be devastated if
temperatures do fall outside the lower bound of
the projections that environmentalists have used to
create a panicked sense of emergency. Whether
or not dramatic climate-policy interventions remain
advisable, they will become harder, if not impossible,
to sell to the public, which will feel, not unreasonably,
that the scienti? c and media establishment has cried
wolf.
(Source: The Economist, June 20th, 2013)

Questions 34 through 38 refer to the following text.

tax deductions proposed by clients. Most of these doggy

deductions don't hunt, but, believe it or not, some do. Could

there be a spot for Sammy and Inky on our 1040?

Scott Kadrlik, a certified public accountant in Eden Prairie,

Minn., who moonlights as a stand-up comedian (really!),

gave me a dog's-eye view of the tax code: "In most cases

our family pets are just family pets," he says. They cannot

be claimed as dependents, and you cannot deduct the

cost of their food, medical care or other expenses. One

exception is service dogs. If you require a Seeing Eye

dog, for example, your canine's costs are deductible as

a medical expense. Occasionally, man's best friend also

is man's best business deduction. The Doberman that

guards the junk yard can be deductible as a business

expense of the junk-yard owner, says Mr. Kadrlik. Ditto the

convenience-store cat that keeps the rats at bay.

For most of us, though, our pets are hobbies at most.

Something's a hobby if, among other things, it hasn't turned

a profit in at least three of the past five years (or two of the

past seven years in the case of horse training, breeding

or racing). In that case, you can't deduct losses—only

expenses to the extent of income in the same year. So if

your beloved Bichon earns $100 for a modeling gig,

you could deduct $100 worth of vet bills (or dog food or doggy

attire).

Text 1

                                                                                                                            The good oil boys club

      It should have been a day of high excitement. A public auction on July 15th marked the end of a 77-year monopoly on oil exploration and production by Pemex, Mexico`s state-owned oil company, and ushered in a new era of foreign investment in Mexican oil that until a few years ago was considered unimaginable.

      The Mexican government had hoped that its firstever auction of shallow-water exploration blocks in the Gulf of Mexico would successfully launch the modernisation of its energy industry. In the run-up to the bidding, Mexico had sought to be as accommodating as its historic dislike for foreign oil companies allowed it to be. Juan Carlos Zepeda, head of the National Hydrocarbons Commission, the regulator, had put a premium on transparency, saying there was “zero room” for favouritism.

      When prices of Mexican crude were above $100 a barrel last year (now they are around $50), the government had spoken optimistically of a bonanza. It had predicted that four to six blocks would be sold, based on international norms.

      It did not turn out that way. The results fell well short of the government’s hopes and underscore how residual resource nationalism continues to plague the Latin American oil industry. Only two of 14 exploration blocks were awarded, both going to the same Mexican-led trio of energy fi rms. Offi cials blamed the disappointing outcome on the sagging international oil market, but their own insecurity about appearing to sell the country’s oil too cheap may also have been to blame, according to industry experts. On the day of the auction, the fi nance ministry set minimum-bid requirements that some considered onerously high; bids for four blocks were disqualifi ed because they failed to reach the offi cial fl oor.

                                                                (Source: http://www.economist.com/news/business/21657827-

                                   latinamericas-oil-fi rms-need-more-foreign-capital-historic-auctionmexico-shows)

Text 1

                                                                                                                            The good oil boys club

      It should have been a day of high excitement. A public auction on July 15th marked the end of a 77-year monopoly on oil exploration and production by Pemex, Mexico`s state-owned oil company, and ushered in a new era of foreign investment in Mexican oil that until a few years ago was considered unimaginable.

      The Mexican government had hoped that its firstever auction of shallow-water exploration blocks in the Gulf of Mexico would successfully launch the modernisation of its energy industry. In the run-up to the bidding, Mexico had sought to be as accommodating as its historic dislike for foreign oil companies allowed it to be. Juan Carlos Zepeda, head of the National Hydrocarbons Commission, the regulator, had put a premium on transparency, saying there was “zero room” for favouritism.

      When prices of Mexican crude were above $100 a barrel last year (now they are around $50), the government had spoken optimistically of a bonanza. It had predicted that four to six blocks would be sold, based on international norms.

      It did not turn out that way. The results fell well short of the government’s hopes and underscore how residual resource nationalism continues to plague the Latin American oil industry. Only two of 14 exploration blocks were awarded, both going to the same Mexican-led trio of energy fi rms. Offi cials blamed the disappointing outcome on the sagging international oil market, but their own insecurity about appearing to sell the country’s oil too cheap may also have been to blame, according to industry experts. On the day of the auction, the fi nance ministry set minimum-bid requirements that some considered onerously high; bids for four blocks were disqualifi ed because they failed to reach the offi cial fl oor.

                                                                (Source: http://www.economist.com/news/business/21657827-

                                   latinamericas-oil-fi rms-need-more-foreign-capital-historic-auctionmexico-shows)

Text 1

                                                                                                                            The good oil boys club

      It should have been a day of high excitement. A public auction on July 15th marked the end of a 77-year monopoly on oil exploration and production by Pemex, Mexico`s state-owned oil company, and ushered in a new era of foreign investment in Mexican oil that until a few years ago was considered unimaginable.

      The Mexican government had hoped that its firstever auction of shallow-water exploration blocks in the Gulf of Mexico would successfully launch the modernisation of its energy industry. In the run-up to the bidding, Mexico had sought to be as accommodating as its historic dislike for foreign oil companies allowed it to be. Juan Carlos Zepeda, head of the National Hydrocarbons Commission, the regulator, had put a premium on transparency, saying there was “zero room” for favouritism.

      When prices of Mexican crude were above $100 a barrel last year (now they are around $50), the government had spoken optimistically of a bonanza. It had predicted that four to six blocks would be sold, based on international norms.

      It did not turn out that way. The results fell well short of the government’s hopes and underscore how residual resource nationalism continues to plague the Latin American oil industry. Only two of 14 exploration blocks were awarded, both going to the same Mexican-led trio of energy fi rms. Offi cials blamed the disappointing outcome on the sagging international oil market, but their own insecurity about appearing to sell the country’s oil too cheap may also have been to blame, according to industry experts. On the day of the auction, the fi nance ministry set minimum-bid requirements that some considered onerously high; bids for four blocks were disqualifi ed because they failed to reach the offi cial fl oor.

                                                                (Source: http://www.economist.com/news/business/21657827-

                                   latinamericas-oil-fi rms-need-more-foreign-capital-historic-auctionmexico-shows)

Questions 34 through 38 refer to the following text.

tax deductions proposed by clients. Most of these doggy

deductions don't hunt, but, believe it or not, some do. Could

there be a spot for Sammy and Inky on our 1040?

Scott Kadrlik, a certified public accountant in Eden Prairie,

Minn., who moonlights as a stand-up comedian (really!),

gave me a dog's-eye view of the tax code: "In most cases

our family pets are just family pets," he says. They cannot

be claimed as dependents, and you cannot deduct the

cost of their food, medical care or other expenses. One

exception is service dogs. If you require a Seeing Eye

dog, for example, your canine's costs are deductible as

a medical expense. Occasionally, man's best friend also

is man's best business deduction. The Doberman that

guards the junk yard can be deductible as a business

expense of the junk-yard owner, says Mr. Kadrlik. Ditto the

convenience-store cat that keeps the rats at bay.

For most of us, though, our pets are hobbies at most.

Something's a hobby if, among other things, it hasn't turned

a profit in at least three of the past five years (or two of the

past seven years in the case of horse training, breeding

or racing). In that case, you can't deduct losses—only

expenses to the extent of income in the same year. So if

your beloved Bichon earns $100 for a modeling gig,

you could deduct $100 worth of vet bills (or dog food or doggy

attire).